Games-Howell Pairwise Comparison Test: an extension of the Tukey-Kramer test to handle unequal variances. Although it has more power (narrower confidence intervals) than Dunnett’s tests, alpha inflation can be a problem. Tamhane’s T2: combines Sidak’s multiplicative inequality test with Welch’s approximate solution. Or copy & paste this link into an email or IM.
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Comments on SPSS output DescriptivesHere the DV is named (RECALL), and the Group codes are given. These can be given more informative labels if you wish (in the Define Variables box). In more complex analyses with many DVs (e.g., 50 dependent variables Ð here we have only one DV), it is worth the extra time to label your variables carefully in the first place. The output then becomes clearer. In this present simple example, there was no need to.The group sample sizes, means, sds, std errors, 95% Confidence Intervals, and minimums and maximums are also given. You should check that the right number of groups is showing up and that the Ns and means are what you would expect.
The main thing we are interested in here is the mean for each group. Test of Homogeneity of VarianceLevene's statistic is calculated for the variances in this ANOVA. If this is significant, we have evidence that the homogeneity assumption has been violated.
If it is a problem, you can re-run the analysis selecting the 'Games-Howell' option for 'Equal Variances Not Assumed'. Here the assumption is not violated. ANOVAThe answer! I.e., The Summary Table. Note that the DFs are correct. The Between Groups DF is k-1 (i.e., the number of groups minus one) and the Total DF is 49 (i.e., one less than the total number of observations).
The Summary Table contains the main information we need to answer our research question. Here we can deduce that a significant result has been found F(4,45) = 9.09, p.
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